What is functional testing?
Functional testing checks that software features behave according to their requirements.
It focuses on what the system does: given an input, does it produce the expected output or behaviour? Unit, integration, API, end-to-end and acceptance tests can all be functional.
It is usually contrasted with non-functional testing, which covers qualities such as performance, security and accessibility.
Example
A functional test checks that submitting the contact form with a valid email shows a confirmation and creates a record in the CRM.
Best practices
- Derive tests from requirements and acceptance criteria
- Cover valid, invalid and edge inputs
- Automate stable, repeatable checks
- Trace tests back to requirements
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